Animated Organic Compounds Functional Groups Cards Animated SVG infographics showing R alkyl, Ar aryl, and organic functional groups in separate styled card boxes. Organic Compounds Functional groups, general formulas, IUPAC names, and examples R R = alkyl group Aliphatic hydrocarbon substituent METHYL CH₃– ETHYL C₂H₅– aliphatic Ar Ar = aryl group Aromatic ring substituent PHENYL C₆H₅– aromatic ALCOHOLS R–OH GENERAL FORMULA R – OH FUNCTIONAL GROUP hydroxyl –OH IUPAC NAME alkanol EXAMPLE methanol methyl alcohol CH₃OH PHENOLS Ar–OH GENERAL FORMULA Ar – OH FUNCTIONAL GROUP hydroxyl –OH IUPAC NAME hydroxybenzene EXAMPLE phenol hydroxybenzene C₆H₅OH ALDEHYDES R–CHO GENERAL FORMULA R – CHO FUNCTIONAL GROUP formyl –CHO –C(=O)H IUPAC NAME alkanal EXAMPLE ethanal acetaldehyde CH₃CHO CARBOXYLIC ACIDS R–COOH GENERAL FORMULA R–C(=O)–OH FUNCTIONAL GROUP carboxyl –COOH IUPAC NAME alkanoic acid EXAMPLE ethanoic acid acetic acid CH₃COOH ETHER R–O–R GENERAL FORMULA R – O – R FUNCTIONAL GROUP etherial –O– IUPAC NAME alkyl, alkyl ether or alkoxy alkanes EXAMPLE dimethyl ether or methoxy methane CH₃–O–CH₃ KETONES R–CO–R GENERAL FORMULA R–C(=O)–R FUNCTIONAL GROUP carbonyl >C=O IUPAC NAME alkanone EXAMPLE propanone acetone CH₃–CO–CH₃ ESTERS R–COOR GENERAL FORMULA R–C(=O)–OR FUNCTIONAL GROUP ester –COO– IUPAC NAME alkyl alkanoate EXAMPLE ethyl ethanoate ethyl acetate CH₃COOC₂H₅ AMINES R–NH₂ GENERAL FORMULA R – NH₂ FUNCTIONAL GROUP amino –NH₂ IUPAC NAME alkyl amine EXAMPLE ethyl amine C₂H₅NH₂